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sententia per scientia

©IMMUXØL-Extract ingredients:

Specific ingredients

  • Polyphenols          =   5,3 %

  • Essential oils         =   1,2 %

  • Resins                    = 17,5 %

 

Non-specific ingredients                                                                             

  • Sugar                     =   0,4 %

  • Water                     =   0,9 %

  • Cellulose               =   6,5 %      

  • Amino acids          =   6,9 %   

  • Salt                         =   7,8 %  

  • Pectins                   = 11,9 %  

  • Proteins                 = 15,3 %

Hop bitters                                                                

            α-acids           ß-acids 

  • n-humulone           n-lupulone           residue = CH2CH(CH3)2

  • Cohumulone         Colupulone          residue = CH(CH3)2

  • Adhumulone         Adlupulone          residue = CH(CH3)CH2CH3

  • Prehumulone        Prelupulone          residue = CH2CH2CH(CH3)

  • Posthumulone      Postlupulone        residue = CH2CH3

 

Monomeric polyphenols:

  • Polyphenolic carboxylic acids           = Flavonoids (Xanthohumol, Kaempferol, Quercetin, Catechin)

  • Heterocyclic polyphenols                  = Phenyl formic acid– and phenylacrylic acid 

 

Polymeic Polyphenols:

  • Low molecular weight polyphenols          = Procyanidines (proanthocyanidins, prodelphinidins)

  • Higher molecular weight polyphenols      = Tannins + Catechin tannins 

 

Quantified hop polyphenols:

  • Tannins + (C15H14O6)-/Catechin tannins                      =     41.300    mg / kg of hops

  • Quercetin(C15H10O7)flavonoids                                   =       2.800    mg / kg of hops

  • Kaempferol(C15H10O6)flavonoids                                =       2.600    mg / kg of hops

  • Xanthohumol (C21H22O5)                                              =       2.400    mg / kg of hops

  • Proanthocyanidines                                                       =       1.400    mg / kg of hops

  • Catechins + Epicatechins                                             =       1.300    mg / kg of hops

  • Acylphloroglucinol derivates**                                      =          700    mg / kg of hops

  • 3-Phenylacrylic acid derivates (C9H8O2-derivates)       =          300    mg / kg of hops

  • 6-Prenylnaringenin                                                         =          110    mg / kg of hops

  • Phenyl formic acid derivates  (C7H6O2-derivates)        =            90    mg / kg of hops

**Comparable with the antiviral acylphloroglucinol derivatives which could be isolated from the species *Kanuka ericoides and *Kanuka sinclairii since 1992 (*Austro-Asian place name). The following two chemotypes are postulated for the essential oils of the first type: the widespread p-cymene-poor type (<5 %) and the ratherscarce p-cymene-rich type (5-30 %). However, both types contain α-pinene as the main component with a content of 40-80 %.

Essential hop oils (from approx. >300 aroma components):

Hydrocarbon fractions:                                                                                                                             

  • Sesquiterpenes C15-compounds (humulen etc.)            

  • Monoterpenes C10-Verbindungen (myrcene etc.)                               

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Oxygen fractions:

  • Various esters, ketones and aldehydes

  • Oxidized sesquiterpenes (caryophyllene oxide etc.)

  • Terpene alcohols (linalool etc.)

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All in all in more detail:

9% monoacyl phloroglucide: Humulone (humulone, cohumulone, adhumulone, prehumulone, posthumulone) with 2 dimethylallyl side-chains each (= α- acids); and lupulone (lupulone, colupulone, adlupulone, prelupulone, postlupulone) with 3 dimethylallyl side-chains each(= ß- acids). < 1% essential oils: with main components: myrcene (C10H16), humulene + ß­ caryophyllene (C15H24), 2-undecanone [CH3(CH2)8COCH3]; split into hydrocarbon fractions: Monoterpenes (C10 compounds: myrcene, etc.), sesquiterpenes (C15 compounds:α-humulene, ß-caroyphyllene), farnesenes + selinenes (C15H24); and oxygen fractions: linalool (C10H18O), humulene epoxide + caryophyllene epoxide (C15H240), various esters along with ketones + aldehydes. 2% hard resins: (polar water-soluble) oxidation products of -α-/ß­- acids and prenylflavonoids. 18% soft resins: (incl. α-/ß-acids). <1% monomers: Catechin + epicatechin (C15H14O6). <1% dimers: Procyanidin B3 [(catechin (4α8)catechin) C15H14O6], prodelphinidin B3 [(gallocatechin(4α8)catechin) C30H26O13]. 5.3% polyphenols: Xanthohumol (C21H22O5), kaempferol­ (C15H10O6)-flavonoids, quercetin-(C15H10O7)-flavonoids, 8.6-prenylnaringenin, 3-phenylacrylic acid derivatives (C9H8O2-derivatives), phenyl formic acid derivatives (C7H6O2-derivatives), tannins and (C15H14O6)-catechin tannins, flavanols + flavonol glycosides as well as flavanols and their dimers, proanthocyanidins (oligomers + polymers of polyphenolic flavan-3-ols: catechin + gallocatechin along with their epimers, procyanidins and prodelphinidins); isolated flavonol glycosides (glycosides of quercetin + kaempferol, with rutinosides and glucosides as their main compounds), acylphloroglucinol derivatives. <1% calcium carbonate (CaCO3(s) I 100.09 g·mol-1). <1% sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3(aq) I 84.01 g·mol-1 ). 15% proteins (with α-helix structure). 12% pectins (from α-(1.4)-glycosidically bound galacturonic acid units). 7% amino acids (D + L). 4 % dextrose (corn sugar). 12% cellulose (polysaccharide from 1.x · 104 ß-(1.4)-glycosidically linked ß-D-glucose-cellobiose units). 5% vitamin C (transmitter for polyphenols for the purpose of their improved bioavailability in the blood). 3% zinc and 3% vitamin B2. Carrier mass = maltodextrin: maltose and corn.

The key lies in the exact ratio of the active ingredients!

CONTINUE TO ©PANAXENG

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